PHARMOCOLOGY IN OPTOMETRY

1. MSc student ,Iran University of Medical Science

Abstract: فارماکولوژی در اپتومتری نرگس فیروزی ، دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اپتومتری ، دانشکده علوم توانبخشی ، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران 09377916243 Firouzinarges74@gmail.com اپتومتریست ها به عنوان مراقبین اولیه ی سلامت چشم موظفند دانش کافی در مورد کاربرد و فارماکولوژی بالینی داروهای چشمی داشته باشند . دانش فارماکولوژی یکی از مهم ترین مسائل تاثیرگذار در مدیریت بیماران چشمی ست . داروهای مختلفی در کار بالینی چشمی به کار برده میشوند . بعضی از این داروها جهت تشخیص کاربرد دارند مانند سیکلوپلژیک ها ، میدریاتیک ها ، بی حس کننده های موضعی و رنگ ها . دسته ای از داروها کاربرد درمانی دارند که هرچند تجویز دارویی جزو شرح وظایف اپتومتریست ها در ایران نمی باشد ولی اطلاع از کاربرد درمانی داروها در مدیریت بیماران بسیار مهم است که از این جمله می توان آنتی بیوتیک ها و داروهای مربوط به درمان گلوکوم و فشار چشم را نام برد . با توجه به رشد روزافزون خشکی چشم هر اپتومتریست باید انواع لوبریکانت ها و کاربرد آنها را نیز بداند . در انتها طرز به کارگیری انواع مختلف دارویی مثل پمادها و قطره های چشمی نیز باید به طور صحیح به بیماران آموزش داده شود و یک اپتومتریست باید به طور کامل از آن مطلع باشد . واژگان کلیدی : فارماکولوژی ، داروهای تشخیصی ، داروهای درمانی ، لوبریکانت ها ، طرز استفاده ی داروهای چشمی

A case report of unilateral myopia due to penetrating trauma-1

Clinical Research Development Unit of Imam Khomeini Hospitals -Dr. Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi-kermanshah university of medical science-kermanshah-iran

Background and Aim: Purpose:Unilateral myopia is defined as a condition that amount of myopia in one eye is greater than in the other and the difference in myopia is high It results in a reduction of UCVA vision in one eye over the other. This can be congenital or acquired. Because accomodation in both eyes at the same time ,creating myopia unilaterally is important to someone who has never had myopia before

Methods: Observation: Accomodative Spasms (psuedo myopia) are far rarer than accomodative spasms (pseudo myopia) .We report a case of penetrating trauma (caused by a broken glass) leading to unilateral myopia

Results: Unilateral accommodative spasm is far rarer than bilateral accomodative spasms that numerous cases have been reported so far and in every report a special cause It is expressed for it. Factors such as head trauma, blunt eye trauma , psychological disorders , neurological disorders , Same as multiple sclerosis, drug side effects, and topical eye diseases(Iridocyclitis) Is mentioned for it

Conclusion: numerous cases of unilateral myopia have been reported so far ,each report has a specific reason is expressed for it: factors such as head trauma, blunt eye trauma, psychological disorders, like multiple sclerosis , drug side effects, topical eye diseases(Iridocyclitis) Is mentioned for it. So according to our reviews penetrating trauma to the glass can stimulate the nerve of the ciliary muscle, resulting in unilateral myopia

Mehrdad Sadeghi¹ *, jalil omidian¹

Investigating the outcome of myopia surgery done by tissue saving method,in individuals over 20 years,six months after the operation

Clinical Research Development Unit of Imam Khomeini Hospitals -Dr. Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi-kermanshah university of medical science-kermanshah-iran

Background and Aim: Myopia is one of the most common types of refractive errors is that it is much more common in recent years .The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Refractive surgery photorefractive keratectomy (PRK tissue saving) to correct the myopia persons above 20 years suffering from refractive errors and corneal thickness less than refractive error and operated by Technolas 217 p device is on have been.

Methods: The study included 29 individuals (15 female and 14 male) and average Myopia , astigmatism, pachymetry, keratometry and and best corrected visual acuity was measured before surgery and repeated six months after surgery were measured above mean each of the above values.

Results: postoperative astigmatism values and Myopia significantly decreased and best corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in all patients and there was no statistically significant difference between male and female. This study showed that the tissue saving surgery for people with low corneal thickness than refractive error is very convenient.

Conclusion: Photorefractivekeratectomy surgery (PRK tissue saving) using Technolas 217 p for myopic patients with refractive corneal thickness less than refractive error show good results. This type of surgery can be offered to people with the same condition.

Mehrdad Sadeghi¹ *, jalil omidian¹

Is aberrometric analysis based on zernike modes that may not be correct?

Clinical Research Development Unit of Imam Khomeini Hospitals -Dr. Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi-kermanshah university of medical science-kermanshah-iran

Background and Aim: Aberrometeric analysis of wavefronts in patients with refractive disorders using the Zernike modal pyramid And based on that treatment plan is determined It is not clear, however Models of Zernike derived from mathematical analysis Exactly how much they match clinical facts ,This article discusses ways to address this issue

Methods: One of the methods for studying optical systems is the wavefront optics. The two-dimensional surface wave front is perpendicular to a bunch of parallel light rays, all of which have the same phase on this surface (Because light emits sinusoidally and therefore has multiple phases) Whenever these rays pass through a refractive index, also called a reference level, the synergy of these rays is maintained, this refractive level would be ideal

Results: Modes z-13 and z13 of the fourth order and modes z04 ,z-24 , z24 From the fifth order and modes z-15 ,z15 of six order and modes z06 , z-26 ,z26 of seventh order They are not pure And mathematically they have some lower order Which may cause in analysis aberrometry Disruption As a result, the relevant orders have a little more or less value.

Conclusion: There are no strong clinical reasons for Zernike modes to be a fully accurate description of aberromerty , so clinicians should consider other clinical data and findings in their interpretation. Some modes of high-order Zernike have sentences of low-order This can cause abnormal analysis

Mehrdad Sadeghi¹ *, jalil omidian¹